bail 保释；parole假释；保释和假释有什么区别？

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简单地说，保释是出庭受审前，往往要交保释金。假释是被判有罪的囚犯在服刑一段时间后。

The Difference Between Bail and Parole
Although bail and parole are both restricted releases used to incentivize inmates, they’re very different from each other.
Bail is an incentive for defendants to comply with court dates, while parole is an incentive for inmates to behave. Contrary to bail which happens before the defendant’s trial, parole is only offered after they are convicted of a crime and usually after a certain amount of time behind bars. Bail is offered by a judge, while parole is typically offered by a specialized parole board. A defendant will be sent back to jail to await their day in court if they get arrested on bail, but a convict who gets arrested on parole will be sent back to prison to complete the rest of their original sentence.
Bail and parole are often mixed up in discussions of the legal system, sometimes even in TV shows and movies. As similar as they might be in concept, bail and parole are two different tools used at different times in the legal process. They have their own requirements and restrictions, and a defendant who’s eligible for parole might not be eligible for bail. Here are the key differences between bail and parole in the U.S. legal system.

What Bail Means
Bail is a kind of restricted release from jail that defendants can access by paying a court-set price known as a bail bond. Depending on the nature and severity of the charges against the defendant, the court will decide if they are eligible for bail and how high their bond should be. The bond price is used as an incentive for defendants to appear at every court date. If defendants can’t pay their bond, they can get financial help from a bail bond agency. Bail is useful for defendants who need to get back to their work, families, or any other outside obligations before their trial.

What Parole Means
Parole happens at the end of the legal process after the defendant has been convicted of a crime. A suspect can get parole as a reward for good behavior in prison or jail if the court rules them eligible. For example, someone with a five year prison sentence might be able to get out on parole after four years if they are reported to be a compliant, well-mannered inmate. Some convicts might be sentenced to parole without prison time if their crime isn’t too severe, or if they took a plea deal or behaved well in jail or out on bail.


bail

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bail¹ / bel ; beɪl /
◙noun
1. [U] money left with a court of law to make sure that someone will return to court for their TRIAL . If they do not come to the trial, the money is not returned to them.
• 保释金
»(out) on bail
  在保释中，保释在外
»release sb on bail
  交保释金后释放某人
»grant sb bail
  准予保释某人
»refuse sb bail
  不准保释某人
»post bail
  交付保释金
»hold sb without bail ( = make someone stay in prison until their trial )
  拘押某人不予保释
»stand bail / put up bail [BrE] ( = pay someone's bail )
   〔为某人〕提供保释金，保释〔某人〕
»jump bail also skip bail [BrE] ( = not return to trial as you promised )
  弃保潜逃
»set sb's bail at sth ( = say how much bail they must pay )
  定某人的保释金为多少
»conditional bail [BrE] ( = bail given if someone agrees to do something )
   有条件保释
»unconditional bail [BrE] ( = bail given without having to agree to do something )
   无条件保释
»Carpenter is free on bail while he appeals his conviction.
  卡彭特不服定罪，上诉期间获保释。
»She was murdered by a man who was out on bail for rape.
  她被一名犯强奸罪获保在外的男子杀害。
»The three men were released on bail pending an appeal.
  这三名男子获准保释等候上诉。
»He is not likely to be granted bail .
  他不大可能获保释。
»Carter has been refused bail and will remain in custody.
  卡特已经被拒绝保释，继续拘押。
»The judge ordered that Jones be held without bail .
  法官判决琼斯不准保释。
»Why can't you ask your father to put up bail for you?
  为什么不叫你父亲帮你交保释金呢？
»Two of the defendants jumped bail and fled to New York.
  两名被告弃保潜逃到了纽约。
»Bail was set at $30,000.
  保释金定为 30,000 美元。
2. [C usually plural] one of the two small pieces of wood laid on top of the STUMPS in a game of CRICKET
• 〔板球〕三柱门上的横木

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bail²
◙verb
1. also bail out [AmE] ; bale out [BrE] [I] [informal] to escape from a situation that you do not want to be in any more
• 摆脱处境:
»After ten years in the business, McArthur is baling out.
  做了十年的生意，麦克阿瑟现在不想干了。
2. [T usually passive] [BrE] if someone is bailed, they are let out of prison to wait for their trial after they have left a sum of money with the court
• 保释:
»Dakers was bailed to appear at Durham Crown Court.
  戴克斯取保候审，将在达勒姆刑事法庭出庭。【PHR V】
◘bail out
1. bail sb / sth∽out also bale sb / sth∽out, [BrE] to do something to help someone out of trouble, especially financial problems
• 帮助…摆脱困境〔尤指解决经济问题〕:
»Some local businesses have offered to bail out the museum.
  当地一些企业主动提出愿帮助博物院渡过难关。
»Sutton bailed his team out with a goal in the last minute.
  萨顿在最后一分钟里踢进一球，拯救了他的球队。
2. bail sb∽out,  to leave a large sum of money with a court so that someone can be let out of prison while waiting for their trial
• 〔交保释金〕把某人保释出来:
»Clarke's family paid ￡500 to bail him out.
  克拉克的家人交了 500 英镑保释他出来。
3. [AmE] also bale out to escape from a plane, using a parachute
• 跳伞逃脱
4. bail sth∽out also bale sth∽out, [BrE] to remove water that has come into a boat
• 从〔船〕中舀出水

parole

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pa∙role¹ / pəˈrol ; pəˈrəʊl /
◙noun [U]
1. permission for someone to leave prison, on the condition that they promise to behave well
• 假释，有条件的释放:
»on parole
»He was released on parole after serving two years.
  服刑两年后他获得假释。
»She will become eligible for parole in 19 months.
  19 个月以后她将符合假释条件。

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parole²
◙verb [T]
1. to allow someone to leave prison on the condition that they promise to behave well
• 准许假释; 使获假释

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