toll：造成损害，产生恶果，严重损害，造成了严重的影响；伤亡人数；通行费

acb

学会使用地道英语toll，可以用在这些情况的描述：造成损害，产生恶果，严重损害，造成了严重的影响；死亡认识/伤亡人数；通行费；敲钟；等等。
toll
I
/ˈtoʊl/ noun , pl   tolls [  count  ]
  1 a : an amount of money that you are required to pay for the use of a road or bridge
   We had to stop to pay the toll.
   a toll road/bridge [=a road/bridge that you can use only if you pay a toll]
  1 b chiefly US : an amount of money paid for a long-distance telephone call — see also toll call, toll-free
  2 : the number of people who are killed or injured in an accident, disaster, war, etc.
  — usually singular
   The full/final toll of the disaster is not yet known.
  see also death toll
  take a toll ( or   take its toll)
   : to have a serious, bad effect on someone or something : to cause harm or damage
    If you keep working so hard, the stress will eventually take its toll. [=your health will be harmed]
    — often + on
    The stress will take its toll on you.
    Too much sunlight can take a (heavy) toll on your skin. [=can harm your skin]
    Her illness has taken a toll on her marriage.
   
— compare toll, 3
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II
verb , tolls, tolled, toll·ing
  1 : to ring slowly
   [  no obj  ] Church bells tolled as people gathered for the service.
   [  + obj  ] The bells were tolled for the service.
  2 [  + obj  ] : to make (something) known by ringing
   The church bells tolled the hour.
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III
noun , pl   tolls [  count  ]
  1 : the sound of bells being rung slowly
   The toll of the bells sounded throughout the village.
  2 : a single sound made by a ringing bell
   He counted the tolls of the bell.
— compare toll, 1


toll
toll / təul; NAmE toul /
noun
1. [C] money that you pay to use a particular road or bridge
   (道路、桥梁的)通行费:
   motorway tolls
   高速公路通行费
   a  toll road / bridge
   收费道路/桥梁
⇨ note at rate
2. [C, usually sing.] the amount of damage or the number of deaths and injuries that are caused in a particular war, disaster, etc.
   (战争、灾难等造成的)毁坏；伤亡人数:
   The official  death toll has now reached 7 000.
   官方公布的死亡人数现已达 7 000 人。
   the war's growing casualty toll
   不断增长的战争伤亡人数
3. [sing.] the sound of a bell ringing with slow regular strokes
   (缓慢而有规律的)钟声
4. [C] (NAmE) a charge for a telephone call that is calculated at a higher rate than a local call
   长途电话费


IDIOMS
▪ take a heavy 'toll (on sb / sth) | take its 'toll (on sb / sth)
   to have a bad effect on sb / sth; to cause a lot of damage, deaths, suffering, etc.
   产生恶果；造成重大损失(或伤亡、灾难等):
   Illness had taken a heavy toll on her.
   疾病对她的身体造成极大的损害。
   The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets.
   经济衰退使住房市场遭受着重大损失。

verb   
when a bell tolls or sb tolls it, it is rung slowly many times, especially as a sign that sb has died
   (缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟)；(尤指)鸣(丧钟)
  ▪ [V]
   The Abbey bell tolled for those killed in the war.
   大教堂为战争中的死难者鸣钟。
  ▪ [VN]
   The bell tolled the hour.
   鸣钟报时。
  (figurative) The revolution  tolled the death knell (= signalled the end) for the Russian monarchy.
   那场革命敲响了俄国君主制的丧钟。


toll

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toll¹ / tol ; təʊl /
◙noun [C]
1. [usually singular] the number of people killed or injured in a particular accident, by a particular illness etc
• 〔事故、疾病等造成的〕伤亡人数:
»The death toll has risen to 83.
  死亡人数已上升到 83 人。
»The bombings took a heavy toll , killing hundreds of Londoners.
  爆炸造成严重伤亡，有几百名伦敦人丧生。
2. a very bad effect that something has on something or someone over a long period of time
• 严重的不良影响:
▪ [+ on ]
»Years of smoking have taken their toll on his health.
  多年的吸烟习惯已对他的健康造成了严重的影响。
»a heavy toll on the environment
  对环境的严重损害
3. the money you have to pay to use a particular road, bridge etc
• 〔道路、桥梁等的〕通行费
4. the sound of a large bell ringing slowly
• 〔缓慢的〕钟声

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toll²
◙verb [I,T]
1. if a large bell tolls, or if you toll it, it keeps ringing slowly, especially to show that someone has died
• 〔尤表示某人已死而缓慢持续地〕敲（钟），鸣（钟）