10天巧战大学英语6级阅读--第1天-3大题型各个击破

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10天巧战大学英语6级阅读，第1天：3大题型各个击破
解题技巧 1： 四步搞定是非判断题
解题技巧 2： 三步答对句子填空题
解题技巧 3： 三步攻克多项选择题
2013 年 12 月考次起的四、 六级考试中, 原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理
解。 篇章长度和难度不变。 篇章后附有 10 个句子, 每句一题, 每句所含的信息
出自篇章的某一段落, 要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落, 有的段落
可能对应两题, 有的段落可能不对应任何一题。 如下表所示：
试卷结构 阅读理解
测试内容 测试题型 分值比例
词汇理解 选择填空 5%
长篇阅读 匹配查找 10%
仔细阅读 多项选择 20%
考试时间40 分钟

原题
Section B
Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2

Into the Unknown
The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?
[A] Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.
[B] For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming10 Generational Storm, and their message was blunt： health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners,and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.
[C] Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.
[D] Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising：
politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.
[E] The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal （ 财 政 的） meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP's head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.
[F] Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers' choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the babyboomers are going grey.
[G] In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged （and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off）. Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90% .
[H] On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs； many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate： to at least twice their current size in western Europe's most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.
[I] To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate （ 使 年 轻） themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.
[J] And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up？ It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater numbers than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.
[K] Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.
[L] Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America's CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.
[M] For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world's defence effort. Because America's population will still be
growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically （地缘政治上）.
Ask me in 2020
[N] There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.
[O] But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly： “We don't really know what
population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet. ”

注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
46. Employers should realise it is important to keep older workers in the workforce.
47. A recent study found that most old people in some European countries had regular weekly contact with their adult children.
48. Few governments in rich countries have launched bold reforms to tackle the problem of population ageing.
49. In a report published some 20 years ago, the sustainability of old-age pension systems in most countries was called into doubt.
50. Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to send them to war.
51. One-child families are more common in ageing societies due to the stress of urban life and the difficulties of balancing family and career.
52. A series of books, mostly authored by Americans, warned of conflicts between the older and younger generations.
53. Compared with younger ones, older societies tend to be less innovative and take fewer risks.
54. The best solution to the pension crisis is to postpone the retirement age.
55. Immigration as a means to boost the shrinking labour force may meet with resistance in some rich countries.

• 内容梗概
本文是关于人口老龄化问题的说明文。 文章开头指出： 从上个世纪 90 年代开
始人口老龄化引发的养老金不足问题逐渐得到了广泛的关注。 发达国家政府虽然
意识到这一点, 却没有大刀阔斧地对其予以解决。 延迟退休成为目前最有效的解
决方法。 文章提到了人口老龄化引发的另一问题———劳动力缺乏, 来自发展中国
家的移民似乎是解决发达国家劳动力缺失的完美方案。 而解决人口老龄化问题的
关键是促进生育以使人口年轻化。 否则, 人口老龄化将会给社会带来很多诸如经
济、 政治和安全等多方面的负面效应。 文章末尾指出： 尽管人口老龄化问题不可
阻挡, 如果给予恰当的政策, 至少这一问题引发的后果不会是灾难性的。
• 答案解析
46. 【答案】 F
【解析】 本 题 用 查 读 法, 浏 览 原 题, 先 确 定 线 索 词 employers 和 older workers, 然后带着这个线索词快速扫视, 可发现线索词出现在 F 段的第 2 句： Employers still need …… holding on to. （还需要说服雇 主那些年长员工是值得留用的）, 与本题表述的意义一致, 由此可 得本题答案为 F。
47. 【答案】 K
【解析】 本题用查读法, 浏览原题, 以专有名词 European countries 为线索词, 然后带着这个线索词快速扫视, 可发现这一词出现在 K 段第 2句, 由此句可知： 最近一项关于 11 个欧洲国家父母与子女的研究表明, 85% 的欧洲人与子女居住的距离在 25 公里之内, 多数至少每周相聚 1 次, 与本题表述不谋而合。 由此可得本题答案为 K。
48. 【答案】 D
【解析】 本 题 用 查 读 法, 浏 览 原 题, 先 确 定 线 索 词 governments in rich countries, 然后带着线索词快速扫视, 可发现这线索词出现在 D 段第 2 句, 本 句 提 到 了 富 国 政 府 意 识 到 了 将 无 力 支 付 养 老 金（unaffordable）, 也进行了改革, 但改革步伐很小 （ only timidly）,与本题表述内容相符。 由此可得本题答案为 D。
49. 【答案】 A
【解析】 本题用查读法, 浏览原题, 先确定线索词 report （ 原题中的数词“20”在文中被未直接提及, 只能作为辅助线索词）, 然后带着这个线索词快速扫视, 可发现这一词出现在 A 段最后一句, 与本题表述意义一致。 由此可得本题答案为 A。
50. 【答案】 M
【解析】 本题用查读法, 浏览原题, 先确定线索词 the shortage of young adults, 然后带着这个线索词快速扫视, 可发现线索词出现在 M 段首句, 其中的 reluctant to commit the few they have to military service（不愿意把仅有的年轻人送去服兵役）, 与本题表述一致。 由此可得本题答案为 M。
51. 【答案】 I
【解析】 本题用查读法, 浏览原题, 先确定线索词 one-child, 然后带着这个线索词快速扫视, 可发现这一词出现在 I 段最后一句, 再结合倒数第 2 句和第 3 句的内容可知, 本题表述内容是对上述几句的概况总结。 由此可得本题答案为 I。
52. 【答案】 B
【解析】 本题用查读法, 浏览原题, 以专有名词 Americans 为线索词, 然后带着这个线索词快速扫视, 可发现这一词出现在 B 段首句, 与本题表述意义一致。 由此可得本题答案为 B。
53. 【答案】 J
【解析】 本题用查读法, 浏览原题, 先确定线索词 older societies 为线索词,然后带着这个线索词快速扫视, 可发现这一词出现在 J 段第 3 句,与本题表述意义一致。 由此可得本题答案为 J。
54. 【答案】 E
【解析】 本题用查读法, 浏览原题, 先确定线索词 the best solution to the pension crisis 为线索词, 然后带着这个线索词快速扫视, 可发现这一线索词并未直接出现, 但是 E 段第 3 句 中 the most effective method to restrain pension spending 与线索词是同义关系, 此句表述的内容与本题意义一致。 由此可得本题答案为 E。
55. 【答案】 H
【解析】 本题用查读法, 浏览原题, 先确定线索词 immigrations 为线索词,然后带着这个线索词快速扫视, 可发现这一词首先出现在 G 段第 2句, 但和本题表述没有直接关联, 继续扫视, 发现其又出现在 H 段倒数第 2 句, 意思是： 民意调查表明多数富裕国家的人们认为移民数量太多, 此句表明了民众对用移民解决劳动力缺乏的态度, 与本题表述意义相符。 由此可得本题答案为 H。
• 新旧题型对照
通过阅读与讲解样题, 我们可知, 新六级的长篇阅读作为考查学生阅读能力的一部分, 延续了旧题型中快速阅读的文章体裁、 文章长度和难度。
旧题型的答题方法也适用于改革后的新题型。 旧题型中的题干提供答题关键词, 而新题型中的段落后的 10 句话也为找到正确答案提供线索词。
找到线索词后都要运用快速阅读的查读和略读的方法在原文中定位, 目的都是在文章中找到符合题意的准确信息。
因此, 本书仍然保留原快速阅读的解题思路和答题技巧以及相应的练习,它们对考生掌握新题型也有辅助作用。

• 原题型介绍
大学英语六级快速阅读要求考生在 15 分钟内读完一篇 1200 ～ 1500 词左右的
文章, 文章设有 10 题, 题材涉及科技、 教育、 环保、 文化、 经济等。 考试之初,
1 ～ 7 题为是非判断题, 属客观题, 每题为一个句子。 如果题目描述的信息与文
章内容相符, 就选 Y （for Yes）； 如果不相符则为 N （for No）； 如果所含信息在
文章内没有提及或根据文章信息推断不出, 则选 NG （ for Not Given）。 2007 年
12 月至今举行的六级考试中, 前 7 道是非判断题改成了四选一的选择题； 8 ～ 10
题为句子填空题, 要求从文章中找出意思相同、 形式正确的内容填进去。 答案
短的为一个单词, 长的一般不超过 10 个单词。
如上所述, 2013 年 12 月新题型开考之前快速阅读理解共考过三个题型, 分
别是是非判断题、 句子填空题和选择题。

下面我们通过解析真题一一介绍这三种题型的解题技巧。

Part II Reading Comprehension （ Skimming and Scanning） （ 15 minutes）Directions：
for questions 1 4, mark
Y （for yes） if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage；
N （for no） if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage；
NG （for not given） if the information is not given in the passage.
for questions 5 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Rainforests
Tropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystem （生态系统） on earth, and
also the oldest. Today, tropical rainforests cover only 6 percent of the earth's ground
surface, but they are home to over half of the planet's plant and animal species.
What is a rainforest？
Generally speaking, a rainforest is an environment that receives high rainfall
and is dominated by tall trees. A wide range of ecosystems fall into this category,
of course. But most of the time when people talk about rainforests, they mean the
tropical rainforests located near the equator.
These forests receive between 160 and 400 inches of rain per year. the total
annual rainfall is spread pretty evenly throughout the year, and the temperature
rarely dips below 60 degrees fahrenheit.
This steady climate is due to the position of rainforests on the globe. because
of the orientation of the earth's axis, the northern and southern hemispheres each
spend part of the year tilted away from the sun. Since rainforests are at the middle
of the globe, located near the equator, they are not especially affected by this
change. They receive nearly the same amount of sunlight, and therefore heat, all
year. Consequently, the weather in these regions remains fairly constant.
The consistently wet, warm weather and ample sunlight give plant life everything it needs to thrive. Trees have the resources to grow to tremendous heights, and
they live for hundreds, even thousands, of years. These giants, which reach 60 to
150 ft in the air, form the basic structure of the rainforest. Their top branches spread
wide in order to capture maximum sunlight. This creates a thick canopy （树冠）
level at the top of the forest, with thinner greenery levels underneath. Some large
trees grow so tall that they even tower over the canopy layer.
As you go lower, down into the rainforest, you find less and less greenery.
The forest floor is made up of moss, fungi, and decaying plant matter that has
fallen from the upper layers. The reason for this decrease in greenery is very
simple： the overabundance of plants gathering sunlight at the top of the forest
blocks most sunlight from reaching the bottom of the forest, making it difficult for
robust plants to thrive.

The forest for the trees
The ample sunlight and extremely wet climate of many tropical areas
encourage the growth of towering trees with wide canopies. This thick top layer of
the rainforest dictates the lives of all other plants in the forest. New tree seedlings
rarely survive to make it to the top unless some older trees die, creating a “hole” in
the canopy. When this happens, all of the seedlings on the ground level compete
intensely to reach the sunlight.
Many plant species reach the top of the forest by climbing the tall trees. It is
much easier to ascend this way, because the plant doesn't have to form its own
supporting structure.
Some plant species, called epiphytes, grow directly on the surface of the giant
trees. These plants, which include a variety of orchids and ferns, make up much of
the under story, the layer of the rainforest right below the canopy. Epiphytes are
close enough to the top to receive adequate light, and the runoff from the canopy
layer provides all the water and nutrients （养分） they need, which is important
since they don't have access to the nutrients in the ground.

Stranglers and buttresses
Some epiphytes eventually develop into stranglers. They grow long, thick
roots that extend down the tree trunk into the ground. As they continue to grow,
the roots form a sort of web structure all around the tree. At the same time, the
strangler plant's branches extend upward, spreading out into the canopy. Eventually, the strangler may block so much light from above, and absorb such a high percentage of nutrients from the ground below, that the host tree dies.
Competition over nutrients is almost as intense as competition for light. The
excessive rainfall rapidly dissolves nutrients in the soil, making it relatively infertile
except at the top layers. For this reason, rainforest tree roots grow outward to cover
a wider area, rather than downward to lower levels. This makes rainforest trees
somewhat unstable, since they don't have very strong anchors in the ground. Some
trees compensate for this by growing natural buttresses. These buttresses are
basically tree trunks that extend out from the side of the tree and down to the
ground, giving the tree additional support.
Rainforest trees are dependent on bacteria that are continually producing
nutrients in the ground. Rainforest bacteria and trees have a very close, symbiotic
（共生的） relationship. The trees provide the bacteria with food, in the form of
fallen leaves and other material, and the bacteria break this material down into the
nutrients that the trees need to survive.
One of the most remarkable things about rainforest plant life is its diversity.
The temperate rainforests of the pacific northwest are mainly composed of a dozen
or so tree species. A tropical rainforest, on the other hand, might have 300 distinct
tree species.
All creatures, great and small
Rainforests are home to the majority of animal species in the world. And a
great number of species who now live in other environments, including humans,
originally inhabited the rainforests. Researchers estimate that in a large rainforest
area, there may be more than 10 million different animal species.
Most of these species have adapted for life in the upper levels of the
rainforest, where food is most plentiful. Insects, which can easily climb or fly
from tree to tree, make up the largest group （ants are the most abundant animal in
the rainforest）. Insect species have a highly symbiotic relationship with the plant
life in a rainforest. The insects move from plant to plant, enjoying the wealth
of food provided there. As they travel, the insects may pick up the plants' seeds,
dropping them some distance away. This helps to disperse the population of the
plant species over a larger area.
The numerous birds of the rainforest also play a major part in seed dispersal.
When they eat fruit from a plant, the seeds pass through their digestive system. By
the time they excrete （ 排泄） the seeds, the birds may have flown many miles
away from the fruit-bearing tree.
There are also a large number of reptiles and mammals in the rainforest. Since
the weather is so hot and humid during the day, most rainforest mammals are active
only at night, dusk or dawn. The many rainforest bat species are especially well
adapted for this lifestyle. Using their sonar, bats navigate easily through the mass
of trees in the rainforest, feeding on insects and fruit.
While most rainforest species spend their lives in the trees, there is also a lot of
life on the forest floor. Great apes, wild pigs, big cats and even elephants can all be
found in rainforests. There are a number of people who live in the rainforests, as
well. These tribes—which, up until recently, numbered in the thousands—are being
forced out of the rainforests at an alarming rate because of deforestation.
Deforestation
In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests at an
alarming rate. Today, roughly 1. 5 acres of rainforest are destroyed every second.
people are cutting down the rainforests in pursuit of three major resources：
• land for crops
• lumber for paper and other wood products
• land for livestock pastures
In the current economy, people obviously have a need for all of these
resources. but almost all experts agree that, over time, we will suffer much more
from the destruction of the rainforests than we will benefit.
The world's rainforests are an extremely valuable natural resource, to be sure,
but not for their lumber or their land. They are the main cradle of life on earth, and
they hold millions of unique life forms that we have yet to discover. Destroying the
rainforests is comparable to destroying an unknown planet—we have no idea what
we're losing. If deforestation continues at its current rate, the world's tropical
rainforests will be wiped out within 40 years.
1. Virtually all plant and animal species on earth can be found in tropical rainforests.
2. There is not much change in the weather in the tropical rainforests all the year round.
3. The largest number of rainforests in the world are located on the african continent.
4. Below the canopy level of a tropical rainforest grows an overabundance of plants.
5. New tree seedlings will not survive to reach the canopy level unless.
6. Epiphytes, which form much of the under story of the rainforest, get all their water and nutrients from .
7. Stranglers are so called because they by blocking the sunlight and competing for the nutrients.
8. Since rainforest bacteria and trees depend on each other for life, the relationship they form is termed .
9. Plant species are dispersed over a large area with the help of.
10. As we are still ignorant of millions of unique life forms in the rainforest, deforestation can be compared to the destruction of .

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