since 介词 连词 副词

donzhtm

since / sɪns ; sɪns /
◙prep, conjunction, adv
1. [generally used with a perfect tense in the main clause] from a particular time or event in the past until the present, or in that period of time
• 自从…以来，自从…之后:
»We've been waiting here since two o'clock.
  我们从两点钟开始就在这里等了。
»I haven't played rugby since I left university.
  我大学毕业后就没打过橄榄球。
»She left London ten years ago, and I haven't seen her since.
  她 10 年前离开伦敦，此后我再也没有见过她。
»The factory has been here since the 1970s.
  这家工厂从 20 世纪 70 年代起就在这里了。
»It was exactly five years since her father had died.
  她父亲去世到现在正好满 5 年。
»Since the end of the war over five thousand prisoners have been released.
  战争结束以来，有 5000 多名战俘获释。
»He lost his job five years ago, but has since found other work.
  他 5 年前失去工作，但此后找到了其他工作。
»I left school in 1995, and since then I've lived in London.
  我 1995 年离开学校，此后我就在伦敦生活。
»ever since ( = all the time since )
  自从，从此
»We've been friends ever since we were at school together.
  我们从上学的时候起就一直是朋友。
»She's been terrified of the sound of aircraft ever since the crash.
  自从那次飞机失事后，她就一直害怕听到飞机声。
»We came to the UK in 1974 and have lived here ever since.
  我们 1974 年来到英国，此后就一直在这里生活。
2. used to give the reason for something
• 因为，既然:
»Since you are unable to answer, perhaps we should ask someone else.
  既然你回答不了，也许我们该问问别人了。
3. since when?, [spoken] used in questions to show that you are very surprised or angry
• 从什么时候起？〔用于问句，表示十分惊讶或气愤〕:
»Since when have you been interested in my feelings?
  你从什么时候起开始关心我的感受了？
4. long since,  if something has long since happened, it happened a long time ago
• 很久以前，早已…:
»I've long since forgiven her for what she did.
  我早已原谅她的所作所为了。【CHOICE】
since, for, during, over:
• Use since to say that something started at a point in time in the past, and is still continuing.
• since 表示某事于过去某一时间开始，并且现在仍在继续:
»He has been living in Leeds since 1998.
  他从 1998 年起就住在利兹。
»We've known about it since May.
  我们从 5 月份起就知道这件事了。
• Since is usually followed by a time expression ('last year', 'this morning', '4 o'clock' etc) or by the simple past tense.
• Use the present perfect or the past perfect in the other clause. since 后面常跟表示时间的短语（如 last year，this morning，4 o'clock 等），或是跟一般过去式。 在另一个从句中要用现在完成式或过去完成式:
»I have loved movies since I first went to the cinema.
  我第一次去电影院后就喜欢上了电影。
»He had been seriously ill since Christmas.
  他从圣诞节开始就一直病得很重。
※ Speakers of British English usually say it is a long time / two weeks etc since …, and speakers of American English it has been a long time / two weeks etc since …, but both uses are correct. 英国英语一般说 it is a long time / two weeks etc since …，而美国英语一般则说 it has been a long time / two weeks etc since …，但两种说法都是正确的:
»It's weeks ( [BrE] ) / It's been weeks ( [AmE ) since I saw Grandma.]
  我已经好几个星期没有见到祖母了。
Use for when you state the length of time that something has been happening. for 表示某事发生的时间长度:
»We have known each other for ten years (NOT since ten years).
  我们认识已经有十年了。
»I had been waiting for hours (NOT since hours).
  我已经等了好几个小时了。
»I haven't seen him for ages (NOT since ages).
  我已经很久没见他了。
During and over are used when you state the period of time in which something happens or changes. during 和 over 表示某事发生或变化的一段时间:
»During her first year at college, she had several boyfriends.过去的六个月中，犯罪活动翻了一番。

since / sins /
preposition
1. (used with the present perfect or past perfect tense 与现在完成时或过去完成时连用) from a time in the past until a later past time, or until now
   自…以后；从…以来:
   She's been off work since Tuesday.
   星期二以来她一直没上班。
   We've lived here since 1994.
   自 1994 年以来我们一直住在这里。
   I haven't eaten since breakfast.
   早饭以后我还没吃过东西呢。
   He's been working in a bank since leaving school.
   他中学毕业以后一直在一家银行工作。
   Since the party she had only spoken to him once.
   那次聚会以后,她只和他说过一次话。
   'They've split up.' '  Since when? '
   "他们分手了。" "什么时候的事儿？"
   That was years ago. I've changed jobs  since then.
   那是多年以前的事了。自那以来我已经换过几个工作了。

HELP Use for, not since, with a period of time: I've been learning English for five years. I've been learning English since five years.
   指一段时间用 for,不用 since:可以说 I've been learning English for five years. 不作 I've been learning English since five years.
2. ~ when?
   used when you are showing that you are angry about sth
   (表示气愤)何曾,什么时候:
   Since when did he ever listen to me?
   他什么时候听过我的话？


conjunction
1. (used with the present perfect, past perfect or simple present tense in the main clause 主句要用现在完成时、过去完成时或一般现在时) from an event in the past until a later past event, or until now
   从…以后；自…以来:
   Cath hasn't phoned since she went to Berlin.
   卡思自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。
   It was the first time I'd had visitors since I'd moved to London.
   那是我搬到伦敦以后第一次有人来看我。
   It's twenty years since I've seen her.
   我已经二十年没见她了。
   How long is it since we last went to the theatre?
   我们多久没去看戏了？
   She had been worrying  ever since the letter arrived.
   自从接到那封信后她就一直焦虑不安。
2. because; as
   因为；由于；既然:
   We thought that, since we were in the area, we'd stop by and see them.
   我们想,既然到了这个地方,就该顺便去看看他们。


adverb
(used with the present, perfect or past perfect tense 与现在完成时或过去完成时连用)
1. from a time in the past until a later past time, or until now
   自…以后；从…以来:
   He left home two weeks ago and we haven't heard from him since.
   他两周前离家外出,我们至今还没有他的音信。
   The original building has  long since (= long before now) been demolished.
   原来的建筑老早就拆了。
2. at a time after a particular time in the past
   此后；后来:
   We were divorced two years ago and she has since remarried.
   我们两年前离了婚,之后她又再婚了。
  她读大学的第一年有过好几个男朋友。