Against的用法及注意事项

bca

Against的用法及注意事项

一.against作“反对”、“违反”讲This explanation is against the natural laws.这种解释是违反自然规律的。

二.against作“靠着”、“位置相对着”、“逆着”、“对着”、“顶着”、“衬着”讲

1.The picture hangs against the wall.这张画挂在墙上。

2.Now our car is running against the wind.现在我们的汽车正逆风行驶。

三.as against和against表示“对照”、“对比”关系As against last year，our grain output has increased bymore than 6 percent.与去年相比，我们的粮食生产增加了6%以上。

四.against作“以防”、“以备”讲She is saving money against old age.她存钱防老。

五.理解带有against的固定短语可从以下三方面着手

I. against 表示“反对”、“反抗”、“违反”之意。例如：

advise against sb’s doing...劝某人不做……；

argue against sth.争辩反对某事……；

struggle（或fight，combat） against...与（敌人）斗争（或战斗，搏斗）；

come against sb.进攻某人（由“前来反对某人”引申过来）；

declare against...宣布或声明反对（那种错误的观点等）；

dispute against sb.和某人辩论；

discriminate against sb.歧视某人；

go（或run）against...违背（某人的观点等）；

inform against sb.告发某人；

protest against... 抗议反对（物价上涨即the price rise）；

cry against...大声抗议或抱怨（削减工资即thepay cut）；

turn against... 转为反对（某人，某事）

II. 从位置关系理解并记忆下列带有against的固定短语。例如：

stand（或sit） against...靠（墙即the wall）站或坐；

dash against... 猛撞（大门等）；

patter against the windows（雨）嗒嗒地打在窗户上；

strike... against...把（自行车）撞在（墙）上；

strike against...（他）撞在（门即thedoor）上。

III. 通过 against （反对）及其反义词 for（支持、赞成）加深理解这两个系列的相应短语。例如：

be against （或 for ）the suggestion反对（或赞成）这个建议；

stand against （或 for）...主张反对（或支持）（某事或某人）；

speak against（或 for ）sb.发言反对某人（或为某人辩护）；

vote against （或 for ）sb.投票赞成（或反对）某人；

struggle against （或 for）...和……做斗争（或为……而斗争）；

strike against （或for ）...为反对（或为获得）……而罢工。

请参考against更多的词典用法

against

---

a∙gainst / əˈgɛnst ; əˈgenst /
◙prep
1.
a. used to say that someone opposes or disagrees with something
• 反对:
»Every council member voted against the proposal.
  每个市政会委员都对该提案投了反对票。
»those who are campaigning against the new road
  鼓动反对修筑新公路的人
»He advised me against travelling.
  他建议我不要去旅行。
»Mr Howard has declared that he is against all forms of racism.
  霍华德先生声明反对任何形式的种族主义。
»the fight against terrorism
  反恐怖主义的斗争
b. used to say that an action is not wanted or approved of by someone
• 〔行为〕违背…，与…相悖:
»They got married against her parents' wishes (=although they knew her parents did not want them to) .
  他们是违背她父母的意愿结婚的。
»She has been kept in the house against her will (=she does not want to stay in the house) .
  她被人强行关在屋子里。
»The use of certain drugs is against the law (=illegal) .
  施用某些药物是违法的。
»It's against my principles to borrow money (=I do not believe it is right) .
  向人借钱违背我的原则。
c. used to say that something is not allowed by a law or rule
• 〔法律或法规〕禁止:
»There ought to be a law against it.
  应该有条法律来禁止这种事。
2. used to say who someone is competing with or trying to defeat in a game, battle etc
• 和…比赛（打仗等）:
»Gambotti was injured in last Saturday's game against the Lions.
  甘博蒂在上周六与雄狮队的比赛中受了伤。
»We'll be competing against the best companies in Europe.
  我们要和欧洲一些一流的公司竞争。
3. used to say who is harmed, threatened, or given a disadvantage
• 对…造成伤害（威胁，不利）:
»violence against elderly people
  对老年人的暴力行为
»crimes against humanity
  反人类罪
»discrimination against women
  对妇女的歧视
»There had been death threats against prison staff.
  有人对监狱管理人员发出了死亡威胁。
»Your lack of experience could count against you.
  缺乏经验对你可能是个不利因素。
»The regulations tend to work against smaller companies.
  法规往往对较小的公司不利。
4. used to say that something touches, hits, or rubs a surface
• 碰; 撞:
»the sound of the rain drumming against my window
  雨点敲打我的窗户的声音
»The car skidded and we could hear the crunch of metal against metal.
汽车打滑了，我们听到了金属相碰的嘎吱声。
5. next to and touching an upright surface, especially for support
• 倚着，靠着:
»There was a ladder propped up against the wall.
  有一把梯子靠在墙边。
»The younger policeman was leaning against the bureau with his arms folded.
  那位较年轻的警官两臂交叉，倚靠在办公桌旁。
6. in the opposite direction to the movement or flow of something
• 逆;
【OPP】 with
»sailing against the wind
  逆风航行
»She dived down and swam out strongly against the current.
  她跳下水，逆流奋力游出去。
7. seen with something else behind or as a background
• 以…为背景; 衬托:
»He could see a line of figures silhouetted against the sky.
  他看到一排人影映衬在天空。
»It is important to know what colours look good against your skin.
  了解自己皮肤配什么颜色很重要。
8. used to show that you are considering particular events in relation to other events that are happening at the same time
• 在…情况下; 在…背景下:
»The reforms were introduced against a background of social unrest.
  改革是在社会动荡的背景下开始的。
9. used to say what you are comparing something with
• 与…相比:
»The pound has fallen 10% against the dollar.
  英镑对美元下跌了10%。
»She checked the contents of the box against the list.
  她对照清单检查箱子里的东西。
»The cost of the proposed research needs to be balanced against its benefits.
  对于计划中的研究，其费用和得益需要通盘考虑，权衡轻重。
10. used to say who or what you are trying to protect someone or something from
• 防…，抗…:
»insurance against accident and sickness
  意外事故和疾病保险
»a cream to protect against sunburn
  一种防止晒伤的乳霜
»a vaccine which is effective against pneumonia
  一种预防肺炎的疫苗
11. used to say who is said or shown to have done something wrong
• 表明（声称）…有错:
»He has always emphatically denied the allegations against him.
  他一直断然否认对他的指控。
»The evidence against you is overwhelming.
  对你不利的证据无可辩驳。
12. be / come up against sb / sth,  to have to deal with a difficult opponent or problem
• 必须面对某人/某事:
»You see, this is what we're up against – the suppliers just aren't reliable.
  你瞧，这就是我们遇到的难题，供应商就是靠不住。
13. have sth against sb / sth,  to dislike or disapprove of someone or something
• 不喜欢（不赞成）某人/某事:
»I don't have anything against babies. I just don't feel very comfortable with them.
  我并不是不喜欢婴儿，只是觉得跟他们在一起不太舒服。

against
against / əˈgenst; əˈgeinst /
preposition
HELP For the special uses of against in phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example count against sb is in the phrasal verb section at count.
   against 在短语动词中的特殊用法见有关动词词条。如 count against sb 在词条 count 的短语动词部份。
1. opposing or disagreeing with sb / sth
   反对；与…相反；逆；违反:
   the fight against terrorism
   反对恐怖主义的斗争
   We're playing against the league champions next week.
   下周我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。
   We were rowing against the current.
   我们划船逆流而上。
   That's against the law.
   那是违法的。
   She was forced to marry against her will.
   她被迫违背自己的心愿嫁了人。
   Are you for or against the death penalty?
   你赞成还是反对死刑？
   She is against seeing (= does not want to see) him.
   她不想见他。
   I'd advise you against doing that.
   我劝你别做那事。
2. not to the advantage or favour of sb / sth
   对…不利:
   The evidence is against him.
   证据对他不利。
   Her age is against her.
   她的年龄对她不利。
⇨ compare for prep. (7)
3. close to, touching or hitting sb / sth
   紧靠；倚；碰；撞:
   Put the piano there, against the wall.
   把钢琴放在那儿,紧靠着墙。
   The rain beat against the windows.
   雨点击打着窗户。
4. in order to prevent sth from happening or to reduce the damage caused by sth
   以防:
   an injection against rabies
   狂犬病预防注射
   They took precautions against fire.
   他们采取了防火措施。
   Are we insured against theft?
   我们保了盗窃险没有？
5. with sth in the background, as a contrast
   以…为背景；衬托:
   His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
   他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。
  (figurative) The love story unfolds against a background of civil war.
   这爱情故事以内战为背景展开。
6. used when you are comparing ten things
   和…相比:
   You must weigh the benefits against the cost.
   你一定要权衡利益与成本二者的得失。
   Check your receipts against the statement.
   核对你的收据与结算单是否相符。
   What's the rate of exchange against the dollar?
   美元的兑换率是多少？
IDIOMS
⇨ see as conj., stacked


against
I. \əˈgen(t)st, -nzt also -ān- or (less often in stand than in substand speech) -in-\ preposition
Etymology: Middle English against, agenst, ayenst, alteration of againes, agenes, ayenes, from again, agen, ayen, preposition + -es -'s
1.
a. : directly opposite : in front of : facing
  < America seems to stand against it with a fire extinguisher and … gets burned — E.A.Mowrer >
  — often used with preceding over
b. obsolete : in the presence of : exposed to : with
  < those boughs which shake against the cold — Shakespeare >
2.
a. : from an opposite direction and into contact with : upon
  < the fighter was knocked back against the ropes >
b. : in contact with : touching
  < against the walls of … the houses … were pear trees — Ernest Hemingway >
c. : close to : beside, near
  < ships lay against the walls — Daniel Defoe >
3. : in a direction opposite to the course or motion of : counter to
< they sailed against the wind >
< a ground swell running against the new education — Paul Woodring >
4.
a. : in opposition or hostility to
  < stood steadfast against alumni pressure — J.B.Conant >
  < a successful campaign against the enemy >
b. : not in conformity with : contrary to
  < offenses against the law >
  < forced to act against his conscience >
c. : in spite of : notwithstanding
  < succeeded against many handicaps >
d. : in competition with
  < a race run against the clock >
5.
a. : as a defense or protection from : in resistance to
  < puffed his cigar against the mosquitoes — Claud Cockburn >
  < at wit's end what to do against the inexorable ticking of the clock — G.J.Nathan >
b. : in the face of : from
  < to protect their native subjects against the rapacity of some … business communities — W.T.Stace >
6. : compared with or contrasted to
< the importance of space as against time and of time as against space — A.N.Whitehead >
< net profits of 80 cents a share against 70 cents last year >
7. : in preparation or provision for : in anticipation of
< silver coins hoarded against a day of need — W.P.Webb >
8. : with respect to : relating to : toward
< customs which had the force of law against both lord and tenant — E.C.Smith >
9.
a. : in the opposite scale to : as a counterbalance to
  < his pride in his own prestige is set against his kindness to younger writers — P.M.Fulcher >
b. : in exchange for : in return for
  < the free-market rate against dollars was 302 francs >
c. : as a charge upon : to the debit of
  < to make today's purchases against tomorrow's earnings >
10. : having as background: as
a. : before the surface or expanse of
  < the rain is dark against the white sky — Amy Lowell >
  < against this background the developments of the last two … years are … easy to grasp — Barbara Ward >
b. : above the sound of
  < talking against the music >
11. dialect : not later than : by the time of
< to leave against noon >
•
- against the grain
- against the sun
- against time
II. conjunction
Etymology: Middle English against, agenst, ayenst, from against, agenst, ayenst, preposition
1. now chiefly dialect : before : by the time that
2. now chiefly dialect : in readiness for the time when