黑头，粉刺，痤疮怎么说英语？"Open comedones" "Comedonal acne"

Europe

我们知道黑头的英语表达"blackhead"，粉刺是"acne"。
学习这几个表达的时候，注意的是，黑头blackhead是可数的，而分词acne是不可数名词。

blackhead
black·head / ˈblækhed /
noun   
a small spot on the skin, often on the face, with a black top
   黑头粉刺(常长在面部)

acne
acne / ˈækni /
noun [U]
a skin condition, common among young people, that produces many pimples (= spots), especially on the face and neck
   痤疮；粉刺:
   to suffer from / have acne
   患痤疮；长粉刺

pimple
pim·ple / ˈpimpl /
noun   
a small raised red spot on the skin
   丘疹；粉刺；小脓包
⇨ compare spot n. (3)
⇨ see also goose pimples
• pim·ply / ˈpimpli / adj.:
   pimply skin
   长丘疹的皮肤
   a pimply youth
   长粉刺的青年人

blackhead、acne 和 pimple 的区别

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1. Blackhead（黑头）定义:
黑头是指开放性粉刺，毛孔被皮脂、角质和杂质堵塞，暴露在空气中后被氧化，形成黑色的小点。

• 形成原因:
  
  • 皮脂腺分泌过多，导致毛孔被堵塞。
  • 毛孔内的油脂暴露在空气中氧化变黑。
    
• 特征:
  
  • 黑头通常出现于T区（鼻子、额头、下巴）。
  • 毛孔内有明显的黑点，挤压后可看到硬化的油脂。
    
• 常用说法:
  
  • 中文: 黑头
  • 医学: 开放性粉刺
    

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2. Acne（痤疮，泛指青春痘）定义:
Acne 是一个广义的术语，指由毛孔堵塞、细菌感染和炎症引起的皮肤问题，包含多种类型的皮肤病变，例如黑头、白头、丘疹、囊肿等。

• 形成原因:
  
  • 毛孔被皮脂和死皮细胞堵塞。
  • 紧接着可能出现细菌感染和炎症反应。
  • 与激素变化、遗传、压力、不良饮食等多种因素有关。
    
• 特征:
  
  • 可表现为黑头、白头（闭合性粉刺）、红肿丘疹、脓包、囊肿等。
  • 通常分布在面部、背部和胸部。
    
• 常用说法:
  
  • 中文: 痤疮、青春痘
  • 医学: Acne
    

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3. Pimple（小痘痘）定义:
Pimple 通常指痤疮中的红肿型丘疹或脓包，是较轻度的痤疮表现。

• 形成原因:
  
  • 毛孔堵塞并感染细菌后引发的局部炎症。
  • 炎症使皮肤发红、肿胀，可能含有脓液。
    
• 特征:
  
  • 外观为红色小包，可能顶部有白色脓点（脓包）。
  • 通常短时间内会破裂或愈合。
    
• 常用说法:
  
  • 中文: 小痘痘、粉刺、丘疹
  • 医学: 丘疹或脓疱型痤疮
    

总结对比术语中文类型特征
Blackhead黑头开放性粉刺毛孔内的油脂氧化变黑，形成黑点，多出现于T区。
Acne痤疮/青春痘泛指皮肤问题包括黑头、白头、丘疹、囊肿等多种表现。
Pimple小痘痘痤疮中的红肿型丘疹或脓包红肿发炎的小包，有时伴有脓液，短期内可愈合。简单来说：

• **Blackhead（黑头）**是粉刺的一种类型。
• **Acne（痤疮）**是皮肤问题的总称，包括黑头和小痘痘。
• **Pimple（小痘痘）**是痤疮的一种表现形式，通常为红肿或含脓的小包。
  

补充说明：
开放性粉刺，也就是黑头，其实，英语表达更是一个专业的美容英语名词，那就是"Open comedones" , 而这个词又和"Comedonal acne"有点不同，请看下面的解释。

"Open comedones" is technically correct in medical and dermatological contexts, but it is not commonly used in casual or everyday English. Most people refer to them as blackheads instead.
Suggestions for Different Contexts:

• Casual/Everyday English: "Blackheads"
  Example: Blackheads are caused by clogged pores that oxidize when exposed to air.
• Professional/Medical Context: "Open comedones"
  Example: Open comedones, commonly known as blackheads, occur due to oxidized oil in clogged pores.
  

If you're writing for a general audience, "blackheads" is the more natural and widely understood term. Use "open comedones" only if you're addressing a professional or scientific audience.

Is "Open comedones" the same as "Comedonal acne"?
Not exactly. While "comedonal acne" is related to comedones, it refers to a broader type of acne characterized primarily by comedones (both open and closed). Here's the distinction:
Definitions:

• Open Comedones:
  
  • These are commonly known as blackheads.
  • They are pores clogged with oil and dead skin cells, where the top is exposed to air and oxidizes, turning black.
    
• Closed Comedones:
  
  • These are commonly known as whiteheads.
  • They are similar to blackheads but covered by a thin layer of skin, so they don’t oxidize and remain white or flesh-colored.
    
• Comedonal Acne:
  
  • A mild form of acne primarily consisting of open (blackheads) and closed (whiteheads) comedones.
  • It usually appears on the forehead, nose, and chin, and sometimes on the chest and back.
    

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When to Use Each Term:

• Blackheads: For casual or general discussions, specifically about open comedones.
• Comedonal Acne: When referring to a broader condition involving multiple comedones as part of an acne diagnosis.
  

Example Sentences:

• Open Comedones: Blackheads are a type of open comedone that forms when clogged pores are exposed to air.
• Comedonal Acne: Comedonal acne is often treated with retinoids to reduce the formation of blackheads and whiteheads.
  

So, while open comedones are a component of comedonal acne, the two terms are not interchangeable.