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请人帮忙,这样说才有戏:请求语气的表达

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发表于 2022-2-26 09:01:20 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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请人帮忙,这样说才有戏:请求语气的表达

笔者曾经收到剑桥大学图书馆发来的图书召回通知(Recall Notice),通知的最后一句为:“I should therefore be grateful if you would return it within five days of the receipt of this notice.”其实,这是英文里很常用的表示礼貌提出请求的一个句型,即“I should be very grateful if you would do something.”。所以,请你们记下这个有用的句型,并在日常口语或书面语中练习使用。

下面就利用这个句型写个句子。
1 We should be very grateful if you would help us fill out this questionnaire.
如果您能帮我们填写这个问卷,我们将感激不尽。
在这里,我相信你们都知道grateful(感激的)一词,可你们是否注意到其中两个情态动词should和would的使用奥秘?实际上,在这个句型中,这两个情态动词的作用是功不可没的。

本文笔者就来和大家一起探讨一下情态动词用于表示请求的用法。

情态动词表示请求的例子
在日常生活中,我们往往会请求别人为我们做某事,此时,我们当然要表现礼貌或委婉,而不能直截了当地甚至是粗鲁地提出“强求”。为了表示礼貌,我们就需要借助于情态动词。下面我们比较下例2、例3两个对话,体会一下情态动词表示礼貌请求的作用。

2 A: Hey, you! Open this door!
B: It's locked. Want me to get the key?
A: Yeah. Get it. Fast!
A:嘿,说你呢,把门打开!
B:门锁了。想要我去拿钥匙?
A:给我去拿,快点!
解析:
我们看到,这种直接而唐突的表达显然缺乏礼貌,显得说话人很粗俗。但是如果我们借助于情态动词及其相关句型,就可以使请求显得客气和委婉。

3 A: Excuse me, would you please open this door?
B: I'm afraid it's locked. Shall I get a key?
A: Please, if you wouldn't mind, as quickly as you can.
A:对不起,你能把门开一下吗?
B:恐怕门被锁上了,要我替你把钥匙拿来吗?
A:太好了,你不介意的话就快点去拿来,好吗?
解析:
通过对比上面的对话2、3,我们看到用了情态动词的对话3非常礼貌与客气,显然是每个人都乐意接受的。
再比如,请陌生人不要抽烟,我们需要很礼貌。

4 A: Excuse me, sir. I realize you have the right to smoke here, but could you put out your cigarette, please? Your smoke is coming right at us.
B: Well, sorry. I am in the smoking section, and I was here before you. If you wouldn't mind, you could go to the non-smoking section.
A: OK.
A:对不起,先生,我知道你有权在这儿抽烟,但是,我还是想请你把烟熄了,好吗?你的烟味儿往我们这儿飘来。
B:哦,不好意思,我这是在吸烟区,而且我先来的。你要是不介意的话,你能去那边无烟区吗?
A:好的。
解析:
我们看到,上面对话4无论是提出请求的A,还是委婉拒绝的B,都使用了情态动词来表示自己的礼貌,显得相当有修养,让人易于接受。我们再来比较一下如果没有情态动词,那是一种什么样的口气。

5 A: Hey! Put out your cigarette! Your smoke is coming right at us.
B: I am in the smoking section, and I was here before you.
A:喂!把你的烟熄了!你的烟味儿直冲我们这儿来。
B:这是吸烟区,而且我比你先到这儿的。
解析:
在上面对话5中,A这样直截了当地提出“强求”,当然让人难以接受,所以B同样以牙还牙,断然拒绝,说不定两人最后还要剑拔弩张,打斗起来。
通过上述这些对话,我们看到,情态动词在表示礼貌请求时所起到的作用有多么重要。
在下面的内容里,笔者将给大家系统地总结一下英语里用情态动词表示请求的常用句型。请大家细心体会,多多练习使用。

情态动词表示请求的常用句型
我们可以用第一人称I/we和第二人称you来提出请求。当用第一人称时,我们可以用can/could和may/might四个情态动词,表示请求对方允许我们做某事。
具体形式如下。
Can/Could I?
May/Might I?

注意它们的一些用法区别。第一,may I和could I表示较正式、很礼貌地提出请求。比如请教陌生人的姓名。
6 May I have your name, please?
在售票窗口买票时可以这样礼貌表示请求。

7 Could I have two tickets, please?

警察要看你的驾照,他可以这样显示礼貌。
8 Could I see your driving license?

第二,can I则是非正式的请求“允许”,一般用于说话人与对方相当熟悉的情况下。
比如你和你的朋友之间的对话。
9 Can I use your pen?

10 A: Hi, Jenny. Can I join you?
B: Sure, Michael. Please sit down.

第三,might I显得过于正式和客气,所以一般很少用。
当我们用第二人称时,请注意要用的情态动词是can/could和will/would,这是请求对方为我们做某事。具体形式如下。
Can/Could you?
Will/Would you?
同样要注意不同的礼貌程度,would you和could you都是用来表示很客气地请求对方,客气程度相同,比如对话3、4中出现的两句。

11 Would you please open this door?

12 Could you put out your cigarette, please?

Will you不如would you客气,可用于较熟悉的朋友之间的对话。
13 A: I am on duty this afternoon. Will you please cover for me? I have a doctor's appointment.
B: I am sorry I can't. My term paper is due tomorrow.
A:今天下午我值班,你能替我一下吗?我得去看医生。
B:对不起,我替不了你。我明天得交学期论文。

Can you常用于非正式场合,熟人之间。比如在吃饭的餐桌上,你对你妈妈这样说。

14 Can you pass me the salt, Mom?
综上所述,我们发现表示“请求”时,不同人称所使用的情态动词不尽相同。Can/could可以同时用于两个人称,如“Can/Could I?”或者“Can/Could you?”。但may/might只能用于第一人称,不能说“May/Might you?”,而will/would只能用于第二人称,不能说“Will/Would I?”。

如何表达不同的礼貌程度
表示请求时,在语气上越是不肯定或犹豫,就显得越礼貌,所以,由“直截了当”到“极为犹豫不决”,我们可以用不同的情态动词句型来表达不同的礼貌程度。

以下都是表示很礼貌的请求的句型。
Could you do…?
Could you please do…?
Could you possibly do…?(注意副词)
Would you do…?
Would you please do…?
Would you kindly do…?(注意副词)
Would you mind doing…?
Would you be good/kind enough to do…?
Would you be so kind as to do…?
Do you think I could…?
Do you think you could/would do/would mind doing…?

我们来看看,在下列短文中,
作者描述了自己为什么不愿意轻易请别人帮助,比如搭便车。
15 A thousand reasons why I didn't want to ask someone for a lift came into my mind: I don't know my neighbors; I don't like to impose; I feel funny asking for favors. Pride would not let me knock on a door and say,“It's a 10-minute ride by car but a long wait for the bus, and it's a 30-minute bus ride, so could you possibly give me a lift to school?”
一千个不想请别人让自己搭便车的理由跳进我的脑海:我不认识我的邻居,我不喜欢打扰别人,我觉得请人帮忙很可笑。自尊心不允许我敲开别人家的门说:“搭便车只需要10分钟,但等公共汽车就要很久了,而且行程要30分钟,所以我能搭你的车去学校吗?”后来有一次在迫不得已的情况下,她无奈只好请求别人帮助。

16 She was wearing a brown coat and had a set of keys in her hand. Obviously she had a car, and just as obviously, she was going out. In that split second, desperation overcame pride, I blurted, “Could you possibly  give me a lift?” I hurriedly explained, “I never ask anybody for a lift, but…”
她穿着一件褐色大衣,手里拿了一串钥匙。显然,她有车,而且明显正准备出门。就在那一刹那,绝望战胜了我的自傲,我脱口而出:“您能让我搭个便车吗?”我赶忙解释,“我从没向别人这样要求过,可是……”

我们看到,在两段短文中,作者都是用了“Could you possibly…”这样很礼貌的请求句型来请求陌生人让自己搭便车。
我们当然还可以用其他的句型,比如,你在大街上向一个陌生人借手机用,你可以这样礼貌地说。

17 Excuse me, would you kindly lend me your mobile phone?
打搅一下,你能把手机借我用一下吗?

再比如下列这组对话。
18 A: Do you think you could give me a ride to the library tonight?
B: I'd like to, but I'm heading the other direction. I'm meeting Jean tonight.
A:今晚你能顺便开车捎我去图书馆吗?
B:本来是可以,不过我正好去反方向,我今晚要去见珍妮。

从以上我们看到,表示请求的句型通常是一般疑问句。但我们也可以用wonder的各种陈述句型来表示比上述更加礼貌的请求。
I wonder if I could…
I wondered if I could do…
I was wondering if I could do…
I wonder if you could/would do/would mind doing…
I wondered if you could/would do/would mind doing…
I was wondering if you could/would do/would mind doing…

比如,上述句17借手机的例子,如果你告诉对方你要借他的手机,从中国往美国打一个国际长途,这时你就应该用我们这里这些更礼貌的(尤其是最后一个“超级”礼貌的)句型来表达你的这一“过分请求”,以显得你“极为犹豫不决”和不好意思。
19 Excuse me, sir, I was wondering …um…if you…er…if you could possibly lend me your mobile phone, because I really need to make a long distance call to America right now.
对不起,先生,我想……嗯……您能……额……您能不能把手机借我用一下,因为我现在实在着急要给美国打个长途。

我们再看看在以下例句中,学生在向老师提出请求时,是如何通过犹豫不决的语气和句型来显示出自己的礼貌态度的。
20 A: Hello, I know Doctor Wilson's out of town at a conference, but I was wondering …um…since she won't be back till next week, if you…if you could check in your computer records and find out how I did on her midterm exam?
B: I'm sorry, Miss. But I'm not authorized to give out that kind of information.
A:您好,我知道威尔逊博士出差开会去了,不在城里,但因为她下周才能回来,所以,我想……嗯……您能……您能否在您的电脑记录里帮我查看一下在她的那门课我这次期中考试考得怎么样?
B:对不起,小姐,我无权向你透露这样的信息。

20 A: Oh, Professor Jackson, I was wondering …but uh…well, if uh…I could have a chance yet to uh…look at my thesis proposal.
B: Well, I know you gave it to me over a week ago, but to be honest, I have been swamped with other things.
A:杰克逊教授,我想问您……呃……我何时才有机会看到我上次给您的论文选题。
B:哦,我知道你一个多星期前就把它给我了,但老实说,最近我一直忙着别的事了。
我们看到,在上面对话20、21中,两个学生对老师的态度是非常之礼貌,因为都是用了极为委婉的请求句型“I was wondering if…could…”。

最后,我们来看看下列这个对话,在这组对话中,George对他弟弟Jim得寸进尺地提出了一系列请求。George先以“你能帮我一个忙吗?”的礼貌请求开始,然后很狡猾地找出各种理由,让他弟弟替自己完成了整个的洗衣服程序:
先让Jim把他的衣服放进洗衣机;
然后再让Jim往洗衣机里放入洗衣粉,并开始洗衣;还告诉Jim,衣服洗完后,把它们从洗衣机拿出来;
再让Jim把衣服放进烘干机;
然后又让Jim把烘干的衣服从烘干机里拿出来,并帮他叠好。
至此,他弟弟Jim都一一答应了他的请求。但最后当George提出让Jim给自己做晚饭时,Jim终于忍无可忍了,断然拒绝了George的无理要求。
我们现在就来看看George是如何使用上述各种情态动词礼貌句型以让自己的弟弟Jim屡屡中招的。
George: Jim, would you do me a big favor?
Jim: What?
George: Could you just take my clothes down and drop them in the washing machine?
Jim: Sure. No problem.
George: Oh, and if you don't mind, do you think you could just put some detergent in the machine and get it going?
Jim: Okay. I think I can do that.
George: Oh, and if I'm out when the wash cycle finished, would you please take my clothes out of the washing machine?
Jim: Okay.
George: And if it's not too much of a bother, I wonder if you would mind putting them in the dryer?
Jim: No. I guess I can do that.
George: Also, if I'm still not back by the time my clothes are dry, I was wondering if you could take them out of the dryer and fold them? You know, my shirts will wrinkle if they aren't folded right away.
Jim: Okay, okay.
George: One more thing—if I'm still out at about 6:00 pm, would you mind taking the steaks out of the freezer?
Jim: George, my dear brother, I'll agree to do your laundry, this once, but I'm not making your dinner. Sorry.

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